Reflection and analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Reflection and analysis - Essay Example The research adopted the sources because they explained about a method of control for those who are already addicts. For example the adoption of the â€Å"Placebo control method† which was a trial that was tried out to help control a condition that results from cannabis use called spasticity. (Jodey Corey-Bloom,2012) One of the sources of this research was about cannabis. The author was Jodey Corey-Bloom and the title is ‘Smoked cannabis for spasticity in multiple sclerosis; a randomized placebo-controlled trial’ The research focused on marijuana as one of the hard drugs that are commonly abused by academic people and so it would give a clear picture of what these drugs cause to academic people leading to academic downfalls. The objective of this literature review was to find out the short term effects of smoked cannabis on spasticity and it helped me identify the placebo-controlled method of identifying symptoms of cannabis suffering victim. A placebo controlled trial was passed to adults suffering from the symptom of spasticity. It was found out that smoked cannabis had much worse symptoms and pain reduction to those patients who had treatment resistant spasticity. Spasticity is described as one of the symptoms of sclerosis. This helps the reader to know one of the side effects of cannabis. (Jodey Corey-Bloom, 2012) The other source I adopted was Lower Cannabis use guidelines for Canada; A narrative review of evidence and recommendations. The author was Benedict Fisher. The objective of the paper was to develop Lower Risk Cannabis Use Guidelines based on researched evidence on adverse effects of cannabis. The literature review helped me to come up with recommendations by constituting viable tools for reducing the risk of cannabis use on an individual and on a population based on certain factors such as frequency of the drug use. Therefore, I was able to come up with a recommendation that the only way to avoid health effects is to abstain from use of

Critical thinking Essay Example for Free

Critical thinking Essay Author suggests that all students must learn to respect others and tolerate the differences between them. One important thing she stressed is that all students must cooperate with each other in various tasks instead of being competitive. Keeping positive and cooperative attitude can resolve several problems. There are many benefits when learning in cooperation with each other. Group learning can have many advantages. Students can help each other in various tasks and they can learn from each other. Her school is full of fun, extracurricular activities, learning classes and other training activities. Students take part in different extra curricular activities. The school has different sports clubs, broadcasting clubs, speech clubs, contests, and other clubs of different cultural background. Teachers and all students participate in different sports like volleyball, basketball, tennis, hockey, soccer, baseball. It is not only the place where students are trained, but many other programs are also used to well-balance their creative activities. In addition, school also includes many tripping activities to different countries. In addition, she suggests that on weekly basis different scholarly lectures must be conducted by various scholars in order to expand the knowledge of students. Big libraries are there and each student is encouraged to participate in reading stuff. Regular reading and writing is an important part of student’s learning process. These practices can sharpen their creativity and critical thinking. The aim of the school is to impart knowledge at equal level. The educational objective is to make students practical in their lives, who can help out their nation and work to be a useful candidate. Educational policies are designed very carefully to provide students with standard education and training. Each student after studying from here must understand and develop their own individuality and strengthen their aesthetic believes. Environment is open and firm relationship can be developed between classmates and teachers. Every week tests are conducted to evaluate performance of each student. Many other test taking skills programs are used to improve performance of students. In addition, other behavioral tests are done to improve student’s personality. All lessons and tests are highly competent and prepare the student for future studies. Training and teaching in 3rd grade also prepares them for senior high school. Students have the facility to exercise and participate in the daily activities either in the morning or after school. Students are also encouraged to fully take part in social life to become a useful individual. Every student is advised for good health practice and hygiene to lead a healthy life. Other activities in school education must include fine arts, painting, tea party, flower arrangement, broadcasting etc. There are many other group activities to encourage students for friendly attitude, social behavior and group working. By performing various creative works they know how to work independently and responsible for various jobs. Every month there is meeting with parents to let them know their children’s performance at school. The environment of the school is very beautiful and attractive. All facilities are comfortable and fully air conditioned. The overall environment for learning is very good. Every classroom is very spacious with wide windows through which air and light can pass easily. Every student enjoys the learning environment and school life. Positive attitude among students can greatly improve learning environment. Her advice to students is exclusive and practical.

London - Poetry Analysis :: essays research papers

In this poem, Blake is trying to dispel the myth of grandeur and glory associated with London and to show the 'real' people of London and how they felt. London was seen and portrayed as a powerful and wonderful city where the wealthy lived and socialised. However, Blake knew that London was really a dirty, depressing and poverty-stricken city filled with slums and the homeless and chronically sick. To reveal the truth, Blake combines description of people and places with the thoughts and emotions of the people. For example, the second stanza says:"In every cry of every Man,In every Infants cry of fear,In every voice: in every ban,The mind forg'd manacles I hear"Blake combines the descriptions of the crying baby and man with the observation that the people oppress their hopes and dreams, figuratively 'chaining up their minds' because they know that they will never be able to achieve their dreams. Another Example is in the third stanza when Blake describes the crying chimney -sweep and then the "blackning church", but is really saying that the church does not want to dirty its hands by helping the soot-covered [black] chimney sweep. Therefore, a "blackning church" is one that helps the common, dirty people, and Blake says that "every blackning church appalls", showing that the aristocracy and those in positions of power did not want the church that they supported associating with the common people.Throughout the poem, Blake uses fairly simple language, punctuated with the occasional obscure word, but generally the more common words, probably to appeal to the common people who he was supporting through this poem.In writing this poem, Blake is trying to make the reader understand the truth about London and understand about the 'real' people, and he is also encouraging the church, and the aristocracy to help the common people and to support them instead of pushing them away and disregarding them.

Measuring and Managing Process Performance

Takeaway Sad Chapters Management Accounting Information for Activity and Process Decisions After reading this chapter, you will be able to: 1) define sunk costs and explain why sunk costs are not relevant. 2) analyze make-or-buy decisions. 3) demonstrate the Influence of qualitative factors In making decisions. 4) compare the different types of faculties layouts. 5) expelled the theory of constraints 6)demonstrate the value of Just- In-time manufacturing systems, 7)describe the concept of the cost of quality. ) calculate the cost savings resulting from reductions In Inventories,reduction In reduction cycle time,production yields improvement, and reductions in rework and defect rates. 2 Short Case For 50 years,the Tabor Toy Company had been producing high-quality plastic toys for children. In early 2006,Tabor experienced a large drop In sales and market share, After some Investigations,TLS loss was attributed to a significant decreases In the quality of the product and to general dela ys In getting It to customers.After several weeks tot study,Don and a cross-functional team tot management personnel documented and numerous shop floor problems. Don Pipeline,senior managers report to top management raised several questions. . Should many of the existing machines,including the major unaccommodating machine must be replaced. 2. What should the company do about the local vendor who produced the faulty computer chips? 3. WSDL It make sense to Implement an entirely new production process such as SIT? This chapter presents three types of facility designs(l) Process layouts?2)product layouts,and manufacturing-all it which can be used to help organizations reduce costs. We follow this with a discussion of how organizations can reduce costs by ensuring that they focus on improving the quality of their processes. Finally the SIT manufacturing system is presented as a system that integrates many of the ideas we discuss in the chapter. 1 ? ±valuation Financial Implications(p . 208) Managers must evaluate the financial implications tot decisions that require trade- offs between the costs and the benefits of different alternatives.Equally important,they must recognize that some costs and revenues are not relevant in such evaluations. 4)Assuming Responsibility for Decisions On a technical level,the correct decision for Bonnier Company is to dispose of the machine and replace it;however,because they are concerned about their reputations within their own organizations,not all managers would do so. 8 3 Make or Buy Decisions Management accountants often supply information about relevant costs and revenues to help managers make special one-time decisions. One example is a make- or-buy decisions.As managers attempt to reduce costs and increase the competitiveness of their products, they face decisions about whether their companies should manufacture some parts and components for their products in- house or subcontract with another company to supply these parts a nd components. Exhibit 5-3 displays details of the two lowest equates from outside suppliers for a representative lamp in each of the four product lines manufactured in-house. The should accept the outside bid and terminate the in-house production of these product? 9 Exhibit 5-3 Somers motors,Len.

Internnational Negotiations Reflective Essay

Final Reflective Essay To begin with, I would like to say that the course of International Negotiations was very important for me. It lasted only two weeks but this time was enough to understand many things, to have good lessons and real negotiations that changed my life. It is not â€Å"loud words†; it is what I feel like now. First of all, the course began with meeting people of the group, learning nationalities and understanding what is real international negotiations are. In different tasks of lesson I tried to know more about the way of doing negotiations with different people.I am convinced that different ways of thinking and cultures make negotiations special. You can know rules of doing negotiations but it is not all. You also need to know a person, sometimes his culture and set of mind. These two weeks showed me that different cultural sets of mind are very difficult to overcome. In some moments I could not do it and I lost because of it. However, this is the point of international negotiations when you are dealing with different people from other countries. First negotiations in this class showed me that I was not prepared well for them.It was difficult for me, because I was not sure if I was negotiating in the right way or not. I think that when you have real negotiations you have more time to do your homework, to set up your goals and results which you want to get. It is always easier when you know your target, points which you can lose or gain. In my case, I realized how to do it after the third lesson when we tried to negotiate about multiple issues. Negotiations are not simple things. Sometimes you need to lose in some moments to gain in main one.Now I can see it, I can feel when it is important something for a person or not. In negotiations you always have a chance to know it. If somebody gives up very quickly it means that this issue or moment does not play a great role for him. Moreover, in the beginning of this course I thought that I am a risk-averse person. I did not like to take a risk because of fear of losing more. However, after this course I realized that I can be risk-seeking and I want to take a risk in some moment, but it is very ifficult to negotiate with a person with opposite opinion, especially when you are in one team. Difference in risk attitudes can fail your negotiations. It happened to me after the course. I had the negotiations with the person from other country. I thought that we were in one team, I wanted to take a risk, but he did not. Our negotiations failed, especially for me. I tried to make it works but I could not. I think that we had such kind of negotiations when our bargaining zones did not cross.We could not to find solutions and ways to make a deal, so it failed. Maybe, if it was more important for us and we could not refuse of it we would make a deal. In conclusion I would like to say that the success of negotiations is in ability to understand the problem in your negotiations. Y ou also need to find ways of solving the problem that are suitable for all partners. It is the most difficult part. To implement your decision you need to know your partner, to know his goals, main issues or moments that he does not care about.It is very important for me in negotiations to know the person, sometimes his way of thinking, his set of mind. Moreover, after the course I realized that in some moments I want to take risk, I want to be risk-seeking. However, there are situations when negotiations fail. I am convinced that in such cases I need to try more to make it happens, to make a deal. However, sometimes it does not work not because of you, but because of your partner. All partners should put efforts into the negotiations and they will reach the solution.

10 Steps on How to Get Your Finances in Order

10 Steps on How to Get Your Finances in Order When you’re just starting out on your career path, long-term financial planning and security might not be the first  thing on your mind. Paying rent and living expenses, whittling down student loans, being financially independent- those are the kinds of things at the top of the priority list. Thinking beyond that can be a major challenge, even after you score a full-time job and can start thinking about more financial stability. Why worry about this now? After all, you’re young and possibly just getting your career feet under you. Plenty of time until you need to worry about things like 401(k)s and buying real estate, right? The reality is that the better you set yourself up financially now, in terms of habits and nest eggs, the better off you’ll be later. It’s boring, but true. Life is pretty unpredictable. You can’t really take for granted that there will be plenty of time to settle things later. And starting some best practices now can help ins ulate you a little if your finances some rough patches (like job loss, personal life changes, or other big shifts).According to a survey done by personal finance app Acorns, about half of millennials surveyed felt like they were â€Å"treading water† financially. That doesn’t have to be you†¦if you’re in the happy position of having a stable, full-time gig, now is the perfect time to start thinking and planning and seizing control of your finances.There are things you can (and should!) be doing, even if you’re just starting out in your career. Let’s look at 10  ways on how to get your finances in order, and set yourself up years down the road.1. Create a budget.A budget is the key to financial health- there’s no way around it. If you don’t keep track of where your money’s going and where it should be going, it won’t take much for spending to get out of control. And it’s important to make it realistic†¦ if you know you won’t be able to quit your Starbucks habit, build it in and make sure it balances out with your other spending.You don’t have to deprive yourself of everything that doesn’t fall in the housing/food/utilities/life basics/car payment realm†¦you just need to be up front with yourself about how your spending works, and what you can afford to spend on things that aren’t life-or-death. (I know, sometimes that latte feels like life-or-death.)For more on building a budget, OnlineCollege.org has some great budgeting advice for the personal finance newbie: [via onlinecollege.org]2. Do your research.If you’re like me, the idea of money and personal finance might stress you out. My historical method (which is unequivocally not recommended) was to avoid dealing with any of it directly, which was a very dangerous game.If you’re not realistic about your debt and your options for dealing with debt and expenses on an ongoing basis, you r isk falling into unfortunate (and credit-damaging) habits. So my recommendation to you is this: be informed! You’re already looking for information here, which is great, but there’s a whole wide world of personal financial info out there to make you a more savvy saver, investor, and spender. Here are some handy books to get started:Smart is the New Rich: Money Guide for Millenials, by Christine RomansWhy Didn’t They Teach Me This in School?: 99 Personal Money Management Principles to Live By, by Cary SiegelPersonal Finance for DummiesSimple Money: A No-Nonsense Guide to Personal Finance, by Tim MaurerAnd some helpful web resources as well:S. News World ReportInvestopediaAcorns Grow3. Earn more, save more.When you get a raise, it’s super exciting- especially thinking about what you’re going to buy. But when you get the good news, also think about how you’re going to bump up your savings accordingly. If you work in that increased as soon as y ou get your raise, it’s easier to make the bigger chunk feel status quo.4. Beware of sandtraps (expensive habits).Things like going out with friends can make your expenses snowball. When you’re out and about, it’s so easy to lose track of what you’re spending and where- you’re having a good time! Plenty of time to worry about cash flow later, right? If you’re planning to go out, or have regular nights out, make sure you work this into your budget for the week/month, so that you don’t find yourself scrambling to cover other things when the credit card payment comes due.5. Know the score.Your credit score, to be exact. This can give you a baseline for your personal financial planning. If you have some work to do to get it up to snuff, this can help you work damage control into your budget. If you already have a healthy credit score, that’s great! You can work toward maintaining that- or even making it better.6. Think about your g oals.Do you want to buy a house or condo in five years? Are you thinking about settling down and starting a family with that special someone in the near-ish future? When working out your personal finances, your long-term goals are super important. The sooner you can start setting aside savings for these priorities, the more seamlessly it becomes part of your financial routine.If you’re the crafty type (or just need a visual reminder of your goals), consider building a financial vision board. Putting your goals down in one spot can make it easier to keep those priorities front and center in your head.7. Learn the art of the deal.Negotiation isn’t just for billionaire presidential candidates†¦it‘s also a tool that will serve you well at every step of your career. Having the first real job is great, but it’s also a starting point. Even if you stay in the job for a long time, you should take advantage of negotiation to increase your pay and benefits. This has multiple benefits for you: not only do you (hopefully) get more money, but you also build your professional confidence. You don’t have to be Donald Drumpf, you just need to be your own best advocate.8. Get a â€Å"money buddy.†This doesn’t mean you need to share your hard-earned cash with your friends (unless you’re feeling generous and want to pick up that bar tab)†¦rather, you should pick a friend or relative that has good financial habits, and talk openly about your personal finance goals and challenges. Studies show that good money habits rub off on close friends, so if you find yourself struggling with your budget while your friend always seems to have her expenses covered and accounted for, pick that friend as your money buddy.Having another perspective can also help you make better decisions. For example, if you and your friend are both trying to be more budget-conscious about lunches, you can make plans to eat your brown bag lunches toge ther instead of going out and getting expensive sandwiches down the street. Solidarity is key!9. Consider going cash-only.Credit cards are convenient, and very handy in a pinch when you need to cover a large expense immediately. However, they’re also kind of the devil. â€Å"Charge it,† they whisper from your wallet. â€Å"Buy it now, don’t think about it until later. Live beyond your means, friend!† And that’s how credit card debt inflates like those big yard decorations at Christmas.To avoid temptation and increase financial accountability, consider paying cash (or debit) for everything. That way, your credit card balances stay intact for emergencies, and you’re less likely to overspend.10. Pay down your student debt.If you took out loans to cover school tuition and costs, you’re certainly not alone. Seventy percent of grads carry loans, owing an average of $31,172. At this point, student loans are a trillion (trillion!) dollar indu stry. It’s a common issue that is becoming a unifying financial force for millenials: just about everyone starts out their professional life these days with a blank experience slate but a very full financial one.And even though the idea of taking your hard-earned money and scrimping on other parts of your life just to send checks into the void can be a tough one, it’s an important commitment to make. If you can’t afford huge payments, work with your lender to set up payment plans. It’s so important to future you to keep chipping away at the behemoth as best you can.Tools to Get You on TrackGood news: there’s an app for that! Many, to be specific. If you’re looking to take- and keep- control of your finances, you can manage the process from your phone or tablet as easily as you can check email.Mint – Provided by financial management company extraordinaire Intuit, this is a site that helps you track, manage, and plan your finances in on e place. It offers a free account, lots of advice on managing money, investing, etc., and a mobile app for iOS, Android, and Windows.Budget Simple – If you need help building your budget, this web app is a great place to start.You Need a Budget – The name makes it pretty clear, no? This software lets you create a budget, and uses its own saving and spending methodologies to help you find ways to meet your financial goals. Also available for iOS and Android.Spendee – This mobile app helps you track your spending in real time, and identify areas of concern- and potential savings! Available for iOS and Android.Once you have the fundamentals down and part of your routine, you’ve already done a lot of the hard work of getting into financial shape. It’s never too early to start planning for â€Å"later†- even for retirement. And it doesn’t have to be scary; if you make good money habits part of your daily and weekly routines, you can help a void (some of) the pinches of Life As an Adult.Good luck, and happy budgeting!

Important Read This Before Sending ACT Scores to Colleges

Important Read This Before Sending ACT Scores to Colleges SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips No college application is complete without test scores. But sending scores to colleges doesn't have tobe a confusing and frustrating process! Read this article tounderstand all theoptions for sending out your ACT scores,to get help with the many decisions you will have to make, and to know what to do if you run into problems. I'll describe the basic process of how to send ACTscores, how to take full advantage of the ACT's individual score reporting, when to send scores, and howto make sure your scores don't get lost. At the same time, I'll go through the pros and cons of every option and suggest a recommended course of action. How to Send Your ACT Scores: 2 Methods You can send your ACT scores either when you take the test or any time after you get your scores. Method 1: Use Your Four Free Score Reports From the time youregister for the ACT until noon Central Time the Thursday after your test date, you have the option of sending out four free score reports to colleges or scholarship programs. However, this means you'll be sending your scoreswithout having actually seen them. Whether you should take this free reports offerreally depends on your circumstances: Pros:These four reports are free,so you'll save some money. Cons:You won’t be able to take advantage of the ACT score choicepolicy (more on this later). In other words, instead of getting to pick and choose which of your scores colleges will see, yourtest results will be sent to colleges even if you do worse than you expect. I recommend usingthe free reports to send scores to colleges thatrequire you to send all your ACT scores. Method 2: Order Additional Score Reports You can also send your ACT scores any time after you receive them by logging into your ACT accountor by sending in an order form for additional score reports. In your account, you can see your scores from all ACTs you've taken and create reports of these scores forcolleges to see. Here's our advice about whether you should send ACT scores after you've seen them: Pros:You can customize each score report to have only the test dates you want to send to colleges. This lets you take advantage ofACT score choice(again, I'll tell you all about this a little further down). Cons:Each score report costs $13 (even for students eligible for fee waivers), and each report can only have one test date and one college on it. For example, sending one test score to 10 schools costs $130, while sending four test scores to one school costs $52. Priority reports cost even more: $16.50 per report. These fees add up quickly,so think carefully about what you want to send where. Here are some of our recommendations on when to send additional score reports: Send scores withyour best section results to colleges that superscore the ACT. These schools willmake a new composite score for you using your best English, Math, Reading, and Science scores from any ACTs you took. Send your single highest score to colleges that neither superscore norrequire all your scores,to ACT scholarship programs,andto the NAIA if you are going to playcollege sports. Can You Send Old ACT Scores? To send ACT scores from any test taken before September 1, 2016, you have to request them from the ACT archives.Each regular archived report costs $38 (including a nonrefundable $25 archived scores fee), and each priority report costs $41.50. Here are three options for ordering older ACT scores: Request your scores online by creating anACT account. Send in a request form(if you can remember your approximate test year, ACT, Inc., can check a range of years in their records for you) or a letter of request (if you can't remember) to the following address: ACT Customer Care- Score Reports PO Box 451 Iowa City, IA 52243-0451 Call ACT, Inc., at(319) 337-1313.Note that you can only order regular reports this way- no priority reports. In addition, there is an extra $15 phone service fee. Pro Tip:Some QA websites claim that you can print out your scores from the ACT website and mail or fax them to colleges as a way of sending scores for free. If only!Unfortunately, the vast majority of colleges only accept score reports sent by ACT, Inc. What's more, most colleges only accept electronic scores through ACT's special service. It didn't work when you tried to mail your baby brother away when you were 4, and it won't work now for your ACT scores. Can You Choose Which ACT Scores to Send? Because of the way the ACT score ordering process is structured- you get to pick which score or scores to send to which colleges- their policy ends up being almost identical to the College Board's Score Choice policy for the SAT. (The ACT doesn’t call it Score Choice, but I will for the sake of simplicity.) Let's say you tookthe ACT twice. The first time you took it you were getting over the flu and having a terrible day. The basic idea of ACT Score Choice is that you can send just your second test score to your target colleges and pretend your first testdidn’t even happen. Here are some of the major pros and cons of ACT Score Choice: Pros Score Choice is awesome for colleges that don’t want to see all your ACT scores. It's also perfect for colleges that superscore- you can send your schools just those test dates that have your highest section scores. It’s also the best way to send your highest score to scholarship programs and the NAIA. Cons You have to be careful and read your target colleges' score submission policies carefully. Failing to send all your ACT scores to collegesthat require all of them could jeopardize your application! Because each score report can only haveone college and one score on it,sending out many reports can get reallyexpensive fast. The hot, new "make it rain" rap video montage accessory? A stack of envelopes from ACT, Inc. When Should You Send Your ACT Scores? Now, let's talk about the best times to send your ACT scores to schools. Should You Send ACT Scores Early? Some students have heard that sending ACT scores early (maybe even in your junior year!) shows colleges that you're a very interested applicant. It’s true that there is such a thing as demonstrated interest- admissions committees sometimes want to see proof that an applicant sincerely wants to go to their school. But demonstrated interest only comes into play after yourfull application has been submitted, usually as a way to move someone up on a waitlist. In any case, sending ACT scores early willnot give you an edge or constitute demonstrated interest.Generally, if you send scores to a college but haven’t applied there yet, the admissions committee will simply save them under your name in a general file until your application shows up. They don’t keep track of whose scores get there first. And it's not only that:if you send your scores early but are still planning to retake the ACT, you won't get the full benefit of Score Choice since you won't be able to choose between that early score and ones from later tests. Sending scores early enough for Neanderthals to receive them won't give you a leg up. When Should ACT Scores Get to Colleges? It'll be no surprise to hear that official score reports should be received by each university's respective application deadline.In order to figure out what this means in terms of when to send your ACT scores, let’s go through the timing of everything that happens after you take the test. Step 1: ACT, Inc., Scores Your Test This usually takes two weeks for multiple-choice scores (but can take up to eight). It takes an extra two weeks for Writing scores (if you took the ACT with Writing). It also takes an extra one to two weeks if you took the test outside the US or Canada (on top of the extra two weeks for Writing). Step 2: Score Reports Are Posted Online and Processed for Sending Scores are posted online as soon as multiple-choice results are ready (and Writing results are added two weeks later when they are finished). However, if you tested through State and District, School, or DANTES Testing, you’ll only see your scores online after getting your printed score report in the mail. If you registered for the four free score reports, these are sent out as soon as your full score report (multiple choice plus Writing, if you took the latter as well) is ready. Any score reports ordered through the ACT website take aboutone week of processing before being sent to colleges. Step 3: Colleges Receive ACT Scores Mostcolleges get ACT scores electronically.The schools themselves determine how often they receive scores. The least frequent possibility is once every two weeks, though most schools choose to receive scores far more often (for example, UVA gets them daily). A small number ofcolleges receive paper score reports sent by first-class mail. These are usually delivered within a few days. Remember that there will be a lag between when a college gets your scores and when it adds them to your application file. In most circumstances, the math for ordering the test goes like this: 1 week for ordering scores + 1 week for colleges to get and file scores = you need to order at least 2weeks before the application deadline Just in case, however, it's best to send ACT scores as soon as you're done testing and are sure which schools you're applying to. Your last possible test-date math looks like this: 2 weeks for scoring multiple choice + 2 weeks for scoring Writing + 3 weeks for ordering tests = take your last test no later than 7 weeks before the application deadline Sending your scores is the synchronized swimming of college applications: to do it well, you have to master perfect timing. Should You Order ACT Priority Score Reports? If you’re running short on time, you can send colleges your scores throughACT’s rush service. Here are the pros and cons of doing this: Pros Instead of taking up to one week to send your scores, ACT, Inc., guarantees that scores will be processed within two business days of your request and delivered three to four days later. Cons This service does not speed up how long it takes to score your test. This service also does not speed up how long it takes for colleges to receive your scores- colleges choose the timing themselves, which cantakeup to two weeks. In other words, while scores are sent sooner, they aren't necessarily going to be seen sooner. Colleges that receive ACT score reports electronically might not view priority reports at all. The cost is$16.50 per report. Here are our recommendations:if every moment counts because the deadline is fast approaching, it might make sense to pay extra to buy yourself a little more time. Just keep in mind that colleges might not see your scores any faster if their delivery preferences aren’t set up for priority reports. What If Your ACT Scores Arrive After the Application Deadline? What happens to applications when ACT scores are received late ultimately depends on each college’s individual policy. Some schools have a hard-and-fast rule that late application materials disqualify applicants. For example, theUniversity of Texas’s policy even overrides the guaranteed admission this state school offers to any in-states students in the top 10% of their class. At some schools, late ACT scores are a gamble- you’re betting that your application won’t be considered until further into the process, so your scores might have a chance to get there. For example, here's whatStanford’s admissions site warns in regard to late scores: â€Å"We cannot delay the review of an application in anticipation of scores that will arrive after the deadline nor can we guarantee that late [ACT] scores will be reviewed." Meanwhile,UVA points out what happens if your scores are late: â€Å"There is a chance that we will have already started the [sic] review your file before those scores arrive. You should still send those scores. ... There's a chance that the scores will be seen at some point in the process.† Finally, some schools judge each application on a case-by-case basis. This means that an otherwise excellent application might be put aside until ACT scores arrive, while an application that's clearly not a good fit for the school might be rejected even before scores arrive. Still better than being late for the Queen of Hearts and her "off with your head" policy. How Can You Make Sure Your ACT Scores Don’t Get Lost? The top reasons colleges can’t find your ACT scores are as follows: You enteredthe wrong ACT college code You forgot to send your scores to that particular college If you registered for the four free score reports, you can check your own score report for the code numbers you put in and confirm they're correct. If you ordered reports from the ACT website, go to your account and double-check the college codes there. A good rule of thumb is to wait three weeks after your sending date to check whether your scores have been received.Usually, this info will be available on the college’s application site. In other cases, colleges might contact you to let you know which application materials have not yet arrived. If you get a notice from the college that your ACT scores are missing, don’t panic:it can take a few weeks for received application materials to be logged.Chances are, the school has indeed received your scores but simply hasn’t filed them yet. Feel free to call the admissions office and calmly and respectfully ask them to check whether your scores have arrived. If your ACT scores don't turn up- whether because they got lost in the mail, were somehow electronically derailed, or were simply misfiled- you can still resend your scores by ordering new reportsfrom the ACT website. If she's facing away from Lost, does that mean she's going to Found? Deep thoughts. What’s Next? Is your ACT score good enough? Learn what an excellent ACT score is for your top-choice schools, and get a first-person guide to getting a perfect 36. Studying for an ACT retake?Learn how to stop running out of time on Math and Reading,and check out our complete guide to ACT Science. Want to blow off a little steam? Here are five fun facts about the ACT. Maybe one will help you win that coveted pink Trivial Pursuit wedge! Disappointed with your ACT scores? Want to improve your ACT score by 4+ points? Download our free guide to the top 5 strategies you need in your prep to improve your ACT score dramatically.

Organic Chemistry Hydrocarbon Nomenclature Prefixes

Organic Chemistry Hydrocarbon Nomenclature Prefixes The purpose of organic chemistry nomenclature is to indicate how many carbon atoms are in a chain, how the atoms are bonded together, and the identity and location of any functional groups in the molecule. The root names of hydrocarbon molecules are based on whether they form a chain or ring. A prefix to the name comes before the molecule. The prefix of the molecules name is based on the  number of carbon atoms. For example, a chain of six carbon atoms would be named using the prefix hex-. The suffix to the name is an ending that is applied that describes the types of chemical bonds in the molecule. An IUPAC name also includes the names of substituent groups (aside from hydrogen) that make up the molecular structure. Hydrocarbon Suffixes The suffix or ending of the name of a hydrocarbon depends on the nature of the chemical bonds between the carbon atoms. The suffix is -ane if all of the carbon-carbon bonds are single bonds (formula CnH2n2), -ene if at least one carbon-carbon bond is a double bond (formula CnH2n), and -yne if there is at least one carbon-carbon triple bond (formula CnH2n-2). There are other important organic suffixes: -ol means the molecule is alcohol or contains the -C-OH functional group-al means the molecule is an aldehyde or contains the OC-H functional group-amine means the molecule is an amine with the -C-NH2 functional group-ic acid indicates a carboxylic acid, which has the OC-OH functional group-ether indicates an ether, which has the -C-O-C- functional group-ate is an ester, which has the OC-O-C functional group-one is a ketone, which has the -CO functional group Hydrocarbon Prefixes This table lists the organic chemistry prefixes up to 20 carbons in a simple hydrocarbon chain. It would be a good idea to commit this table to memory early in your organic chemistry studies. Organic Chemistry Prefixes Prefix Number ofCarbon atoms Formula meth- 1 C eth- 2 C2 prop- 3 C3 but- 4 C4 pent- 5 C5 hex- 6 C6 hept- 7 C7 oct- 8 C8 non- 9 C9 dec- 10 C10 undec- 11 C11 dodec- 12 C12 tridec- 13 C13 tetradec- 14 C14 pentadec- 15 C15 hexadec- 16 C16 heptadec- 17 C17 octadec- 18 C18 nonadec- 19 C19 eicosan- 20 C20 Halogen substituents are also indicated using prefixes, such as fluoro (F-), chloro (Cl-), bromo (Br-), and iodo (I-).  Numbers are used to identify the position of the substituent. For example,  (CH3)2CHCH2CH2Br is named 1-bromo-3-methylbutane. Common Names Be aware, hydrocarbons found as rings (aromatic hydrocarbons) are named somewhat differently. For example, C6H6 is named benzene. Because it contains carbon-carbon double bonds, the -ene suffix is present. However, the prefix actually comes from the word gum benzoin, which as an aromatic resin used since the 15th century. When the hydrocarbons are substituents, there are several common names you may encounter: amyl: substituent with 5 carbonsvaleryl: substituent with 6 carbonslauryl: substituent with 12 carbonsmyristyl: substituent with 14 carbonscetyl or palmityl: substituent with 16 carbonsstearyl: substituent with 18 carbonsphenyl: common name for a hydrocarbon with benzene as a substituent

Flannery O'Connor's A Good Man is Hard to Find Essay - 1

Flannery O'Connor's A Good Man is Hard to Find - Essay Example The Grandmother is very irritating woman. During the car ride, she lies about the dimensions of a house just to make it sound more interesting to the children. And when she realizes that the house she’s been bragging about is not even in that state, she panics and kicks the cage holding the cat. She doesn’t do that on purpose. She is annoying but she doesn’t deserve to be shot three times in the chest. In fact she tries to make a connection with the Misfit during the confrontation and when she feels sorry for Misfit and about the way he has been treated all his life, she tries to physically touch him and at that moment Misfit’s henchmen shoot the old woman. It is very true that many people only claim to be Christians but in the dealings of their lives, their behavior, their conduct and their daily conversations are devoid of the spirit of Christianity. The grandmother is blessed with a loving son but she is not thankful for it and doesn’t actually care about him. In fact she treats him as a tool and takes advantage of his obedience. In the book, after the car accident Misfit and his men seize the family and they take family members in the woods and shoot them. Seeing her fate very clear the grandmother suddenly remembers God and Jesus and turns soft. She asks Misfit to pray so that his soul may be spared for the sins he has committed all his life. A very religious and philosophical conversation takes place towards the end of the story between the Misfit and the Grandmother, where Misfit tries to mock Jesus by saying that he created a lot of confusion by raising dead people (in hidden words, he mocks the whole concept of heaven a nd hell and the day of judgment). To this, grandmother agrees somewhat by saying that probably he didn’t raise the dead after all but when she gets shot in the chest, she falls down with her legs crossed in to her grave, representing her faith in a dramatic and symbolic way. "Flannery

Marketing Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Marketing - Research Paper Example Threat of Substitute The food drinks mainly represent the fast moving consumer goods market and therefore the markets mainly rely on creating impulse purchase. Price sensitivity is quite low in the market; mainly marketers mainly rely on customer loyalty and brand loyalty. There are a lot of products that can provide boost and act as replacement to the energy drinks. Due to the nature of the product the target customers may switch to soft drink and carbonated drinks. Also the customers have a lot more health conscious. Therefore the customers may also look to drink lot of fluids such as herbal tea and water. Hence, there are a lot of alternative options for the customers. Overall, the level threat of substitute of products is high. Bargaining Power of Suppliers While considering the bargaining power of the buyers from the perspective the energy drink market only it can be interpreted that the bargaining power of the buyer would be quite low as there are very few players in the market . Also buyers in the market are not very price sensitive as the products are targeted towards the higher end market. The relation between the manufacturer and retailer has also evolved over the course of the market life cycle. However, the buyers should be wary of the fact that there are a lot of substitute products in the market (Williamson, Cooke and Jenkins, 2004). Bargaining power of Buyers The production process to develop the energy drinks is quite simple and bargaining power of the suppliers is quite low. The supply chain of the top players in the market is quite short. The value added in each and every stage of the production process leads to significant level of profit. The only access to the attractive market for the suppliers is through the brand owners. All in all as there are small numbers of players in the market the bargaining of the suppliers is quite low (Brown, 2009). To summarize thing it can be said that the competition level competition in market is moderate as there as few players in the market. The threat of new entrants varies between medium to high as it is likely that more and more competitors would look to enter the market due to the high level of profit. However, the economies of scale, high level of brand loyalty and the recent economic downturn would act as a major barrier to entry. The bargaining power of the suppliers and the buyers is low as there are very players in the market. However, the major threat for would be the presence of various substitute products (Kolb, 2008). Industry Rivalry The market is mainly dominated by companies like GSK and Red Bull. Lucozade is a brand of GSK. These companies have made the market saturated. The market has moved from being a niche market to mass market. It is most certainly a market for the multinational companies. Familiarity of brands would definitely play a key role to play in gaining competitive advantage. Also product dedifferentiation would play a key role. Already Lucozade has been successful in achieving product differentiation through the introduction of the caffeine versions. One of the recent entrants in the market has been the Taut, which has looked to position itself as a clean sports drink. Due to high industry margins, large of companies have looked to enter the market; but the rivalry among the brands have no lead to any kinds of adverse conditions. Although some of the smaller players have tried to imitate the strategies of Lucozade and Red

How to back out drive way Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

How to back out drive way - Essay Example Before the car reaches the end of the driveway, you should turn the steering wheel towards the opposite direction in which you want to move. You should ensure that the car turns completely, and is parallel to the road. Then, you should apply the brake and make sure the car comes to a stop. Now, you should put the car into drive, and turn the steering wheel opposite to the previous direction. Finally, when the wheels are aligned, i.e. the steering wheel has come back to its original position, you should shift your foot from the brake, and apply pressure to gas pedal. Explain why you are interested in becoming an investigator for CACI. One of the primary reasons for my interest in becoming an investigator for CACI is that it is in line with my professional objectives. My experience at the military, coupled with my college degree, make me very suitable for this job. By applying for the job of a Field Investigator at CACI, I want to start a lifelong professional commitment and journey.

Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words - 26

Management - Essay Example This theory is also based on another theory known as cognitive evaluation theory according to which a person loses interest in his work because of the external factors such as increase in pay etc. This can be explained in other words as the decrease in the motivation of a person to work gradually decreases as the number of incentives being provided to him increase because people get the perception that the work they are doing is forced and compulsory and hence, the person loses interest in doing the same work because then he feels that it is his duty. Another theory, the goal setting theory explains the importance of setting goals and how it improves the performance of an individual. This theory also proves that when a person is told about what goals to achieve and when to achieve it, he automatically works on the task in order to reach his goal. Similarly, if a person is appreciated for his works, his performance eventually increases to a great extent. But a big factor regarding thi s theory is the acceptance of the set goal. And harder goals gave better performances as compared to easier goals. The third theory, known as self efficacy theory or social learning theory is based upon the thinking of an individual whereby he thinks that he has the ability to achieve certain goals or tasks. Hence, if a person is less efficacious he is more prone to give up easily, whereas someone who is highly efficacious will try his best to accomplish the task. The most widely accepted theory is known as expectance theory in which a person seems to think that if he performs better he will be rewarded for it and hence his performance is greatly affected due to this thinking. The manager told that motivating employees was one of the most important parts of any organization and special attention is given to make sure that the employees are motivated to the best level possible. The leader appreciated each and every employee individually

A Doll's House by Henrik Iben Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

A Doll's House by Henrik Iben - Essay Example Most of Henrik Ibsen’s plays revolve around the struggling of people for an authentic identity for themselves. The backdrop of this struggle is a tyrannical society in which individuals struggle between their duty towards themselves and towards their families and society in general. One such woman is our protagonist Nora who represents such women who are repressed by society. Nora’s husband is Torvald Helmer, who is a rather controlling type of individual and treats her as one of his responsibilities and he is the one that portrays her identity. Most women in those days were not educated and so were easily relegated into a corner and never came out to voice their opinion. In this deductive essay, we are going to make an investigation on the theme of identity and how it was reflected in ancient society. Women in the 19th century were expected to be the typical stereotype subservient housewife, but one would be surprised at the turn of events in Henrik Ibsen’s play . Nora Helmer, who is the chief protagonist of this play, has all the characteristics of this stereotype woman, who does not possess an identity of her own and hence is depicted as an oppressed individual who possesses an inauthentic identity because of the societal demands of those times. In the beginning Nora is seen responding to her husband’s teasing and does not seem to care about her doll- like existence and with no identity to call her own. In sharp contrast to Nora, we have the contemporary woman of today with a world of difference in their attitudes and reactions to such a situation. Modern women in our present society has her own identity because she has made herself so strong, powerful and full of confidence in all that she does. However, as the play progresses we find Nora shedding some of her inauthentic identity by playing a more specific role in the family. The author highlights various facets of her intelligent and courageous nature which is far from the †Å"silly girl† her husband made her out to be. One such incident that was highlighted was the loan she had taken to preserve her husband’s health after forging her father’s signature, which proved that she was quite intelligent and possessed qualities that were beyond mere wifehood. However, Nora was quite inexperienced in many ways and did not understand the ways of the world, because she always lived under the care of her father and later on her husband. This statement is very clear when she tells her husband Torvald in no uncertain terms that, "I've been your wife-doll here, just as at home I was Papa's doll-child."(1608) However, as the play progresses, we find a great change taking place as Nora emerges as a strong and confident individual who refuses to be a doll any longer and rejects the false union of marriage and the burden of motherhood. This image of Nora identifies with the image of today’s strong and confident women, who like to live life acco rding to their own terms and not remain a scapegoat to be targeted at all times. The changing phase of Nora, is further augmented when she connects once again with her childhood friend Mrs. Linde who suffers the loss of her mother and husband. Mrs. Linde was a very down to earth person whose life was a big struggle due to poverty. Her adherence to the norms of society provides a perfect foil to the impetuous nature of Nora. Linde is a perfect foil to Nora’s lively exuberance in addition to her feminist ideas which explode towards the end of the play. Mrs. Linde is an archetype of the woman of those days, whose qualities Michael Meyer has described as â€Å"stuffy Victorianisms. Kristine Linde is in fact a sharp contrast to

Ethical Issues in HRM Strategy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Ethical Issues in HRM Strategy - Essay Example Thus, the rewards of practicing effective HRM practices are inevitable just as the dire consequences of sidestepping HRM principles are sure. Question 1 The area that overlaps in the new client organization with others that I have served in has to do with organizational performance. Herein, other areas such as creating a feasible performance target, carrying out performance appraisal, and establishing the best way for sealing performance gap emerge. This overlap is underpinned by the fact that performance is the main reason for general organization existence. Creating a performance target directly relates to all organization’s goals, vision and mission statement. Performance appraisal, on the other hand, will help determine whether an organization has hit its target or not, at the end of a fiscal year. Question 2 There are certain ethical issues that may accost the ratification of expert knowledge of other organizational HRM strategies with the new client. Particularly, the pr oposition that the client organization downsizes some of its staff to avoid redundancy and as part of closing the performance gap readily brings ethical concerns. This may mean that there are many who are going to forfeit their source of livelihood, their input in and experience with the client organization notwithstanding. Similarly, the signing of performance contracts may also underscore the ethical concern above since an employee’s security of tenure will be pegged on his performance. Conversely, persuading a part of the staff to embrace workshop and training programs may be an ethical challenge, given that some in this section may be older, both in terms of age and tenure in the client organization. At the same time, workshop drives and training programs may eat into employees’ private and family lives if study travels are involved (O'Higgins & Kelleher, 2005). Question 3 One of the best approaches to customizing HRM strategy to business strategies is the incorpor ation of HRM strategies into the business organization’s mission statement, objectives and strategy. By doing this, the business organization’s synergy will be extended and channeled towards the fulfillment of the client organization’s mission statement and long-term objectives. At the same time, the modus operandi that the business organization will be using is one that will be in tandem with HRM strategies. Some of these strategies that an organization may incorporate into its performance strategies may include the signing of performance contracts, introducing and observing workshop drives and training programs, and using behavioral techniques which portend the introduction of rewards (for diligent and committed employees) and punishment (for employees who consistently and knowingly disregard due diligence and proper workmanship) (Valentine & Hollingworth, 2012). As Caldwell and Truong (2011) suggest, another way by which HRM strategies can be customized to bu siness strategies is by making HRM strategies part of the organizational hierarchy. This means that the human resource manager must feature among other top echelons of the organization such as finance, marketing, corporate planning, supply chain management, sales and management. At the same

A Doll's House by Henrik Iben Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

A Doll's House by Henrik Iben - Essay Example Most of Henrik Ibsen’s plays revolve around the struggling of people for an authentic identity for themselves. The backdrop of this struggle is a tyrannical society in which individuals struggle between their duty towards themselves and towards their families and society in general. One such woman is our protagonist Nora who represents such women who are repressed by society. Nora’s husband is Torvald Helmer, who is a rather controlling type of individual and treats her as one of his responsibilities and he is the one that portrays her identity. Most women in those days were not educated and so were easily relegated into a corner and never came out to voice their opinion. In this deductive essay, we are going to make an investigation on the theme of identity and how it was reflected in ancient society. Women in the 19th century were expected to be the typical stereotype subservient housewife, but one would be surprised at the turn of events in Henrik Ibsen’s play . Nora Helmer, who is the chief protagonist of this play, has all the characteristics of this stereotype woman, who does not possess an identity of her own and hence is depicted as an oppressed individual who possesses an inauthentic identity because of the societal demands of those times. In the beginning Nora is seen responding to her husband’s teasing and does not seem to care about her doll- like existence and with no identity to call her own. In sharp contrast to Nora, we have the contemporary woman of today with a world of difference in their attitudes and reactions to such a situation. Modern women in our present society has her own identity because she has made herself so strong, powerful and full of confidence in all that she does. However, as the play progresses we find Nora shedding some of her inauthentic identity by playing a more specific role in the family. The author highlights various facets of her intelligent and courageous nature which is far from the †Å"silly girl† her husband made her out to be. One such incident that was highlighted was the loan she had taken to preserve her husband’s health after forging her father’s signature, which proved that she was quite intelligent and possessed qualities that were beyond mere wifehood. However, Nora was quite inexperienced in many ways and did not understand the ways of the world, because she always lived under the care of her father and later on her husband. This statement is very clear when she tells her husband Torvald in no uncertain terms that, "I've been your wife-doll here, just as at home I was Papa's doll-child."(1608) However, as the play progresses, we find a great change taking place as Nora emerges as a strong and confident individual who refuses to be a doll any longer and rejects the false union of marriage and the burden of motherhood. This image of Nora identifies with the image of today’s strong and confident women, who like to live life acco rding to their own terms and not remain a scapegoat to be targeted at all times. The changing phase of Nora, is further augmented when she connects once again with her childhood friend Mrs. Linde who suffers the loss of her mother and husband. Mrs. Linde was a very down to earth person whose life was a big struggle due to poverty. Her adherence to the norms of society provides a perfect foil to the impetuous nature of Nora. Linde is a perfect foil to Nora’s lively exuberance in addition to her feminist ideas which explode towards the end of the play. Mrs. Linde is an archetype of the woman of those days, whose qualities Michael Meyer has described as â€Å"stuffy Victorianisms. Kristine Linde is in fact a sharp contrast to

Introduction to Cultural and Cross-Cultural Studies Assignment

Introduction to Cultural and Cross-Cultural Studies - Assignment Example According to the article, canning is not aimed at inflicting pain to the offenders, but to put a public shame on the offenders. This does not portray respect to the citizens neither does it put into consideration other people’s confidentiality. According to the article, all women should cover their heads while no woman should work in a public office with the absence of her husband. According to my feeling, this act does not consider the rights of women neither does it value other dominions within the country. The Muslim culture emphasized in this article does not bring unity but is comprised of much discrimination and ignorance of people’s rights. Islam is a dominant religion in Indonesia. There are several factors that impacted the evolution of the Muslim culture in Indonesia over the years. The introduction of technology during the three decades of Mr. Suharto’s rule has had much impact on the evolution of the culture. Since then, there have been much editing and strong media which allowed information to spread across the archipelago. The Islamic values and their expressions of faith are no longer confined in to the mosque or within religious events (Salim, 2003). All these can be seen in movies and preached through the radios. People from all over the country are reached with information about the Muslim culture while information about any policies introduced can be communicated in an efficient way. There was much transformation on the nature of Islam in the country impacted by the Asian Tsunami. It heightened the international awareness of Indonesia’s indigenous people. According to their belief, many indigenous groups survived the tsunami because their traditional lore prepared them to deal with natural disasters. This disaster survived to strengthen the faith of the people in Indonesia. On the other hand, the bush

Frankenstein and Blade Runner Essay Example for Free

Frankenstein and Blade Runner Essay Frankenstein and Blade Runner Faced with similar challenges against long held values both Frankenstein and Blade Runner express similar concerns and developed concepts that were almost the same as they tried to stop science and technology from eroding fundamental values. However, given the almost 200 year difference it is inevitable that they express their concerns differently. Both Frankenstein and Blade Runner examine the consequences of Man usurping God’s role as creator and the distancing of humanity from a once harmonious relationship with Nature. Romanticism was a reaction against the scientific values of the Enlightenment which spanned from 1650 to the 1800s. It became a movement seeking to end the rationalisation of the Enlightenment and sought a return to a communion with fellow Man and Nature. Frankenstein was written by Mary Shelley in the wake of the Industrial Revolution and it espouses the values of Romanticism; emotion, spirituality and harmony. It serves as a warning against the unchecked scientific progress that was taking place around Shelley. Shelley develops the concept of Man usurping God’s role as creator through her characterisation of Victor. The heavenly imagery â€Å"It was the secrets of heaven and earth that I desired to learn† characterises Victor as disrespectful of God’s Laws, his arrogant ambition a symbol of the irreverent scientists of the Enlightenment. Creation once was something biblically pure and reserved for God but Victor ignores this and his work becomes a mockery of purity â€Å"I kept my workshop of filthy creation,† the oxymoron undermining the implied sanctity expressing the depravity of Victor’s ambition. The pervasive use of irony is evident in the juxta positioning of Victor denying his creation friendship and the companionship he seeks with Clerval â€Å"nothing could equal my delight on seeing Clerval,† he hypocritically denies the Monster the very thing he recognises as vital, friendship. This irony is also developed through Victor’s ignorance of his crime against Nature â€Å"the very winds whispered in soothing accents, and maternal nature bade me weep no more,† he recognises the power of Nature yet doesn’t understand that he has broken the ‘immutable laws’ of that which inspires him. Shelley presents a warning against science and technology dominating existence through the cautionary tone of â€Å"greater than his nature will allow,† Victor challenging the bounds of humanity will ultimately lead to destruction. The Monster is contrasted to Victor as someone of depth and emotion, Shelley reveals him to be the embodiment of the Romantic values. It is the Monster who poses the moral questions regarding Victor’s ambitions â€Å"how dare you sport thus with life? † this philosophical questioning of science and technology is further highlighted in â€Å"But where were my friends and relations? What was I? † this essential questioning is not done by the human, Victor but by his creation whose sensitive and philosophical values elevate him above humanity. Once again Shelley’s use of irony highlights the differences between Victor and the Monster â€Å"I ought to be thy Adam, but I am rather the fallen angel† the biblical allusion illustrates the ironic treatment of the Monster; it should really be Victor who is abhorred for his challenge to God’s authority. The intertextual reference to â€Å"Paradise Lost† exhibits the lost connection between Man, fellow Man and Nature because of the unbridled advances of science. The Monster is contrasted to Victor because of his capacity for love â€Å"my soul glowed with love and humanity; but am I not alone, miserably alone? it was only because of the callousness and brutality of Victor denying him companionship that he became miserable. Conceptually Blade Runner directed by Ridley Scott 1992 is very similar to Frankenstein; it too explores the consequences of Man overstepping the bounds of his existence and the moral dilemmas that arise because of science and technologies rampant, unhindered developments. However, the film can be seen as the result of the world ignoring the Romantic’s warning, it is the result of science and technology. The 1970s and 80s saw rapid increases in cloning technology, the environment was at threat from pollution and globalisation was taking hold. It was out of this destruction of the Romantic values of emotion and connection with Nature that Blade Runner emerged. The opening scene immediately condemns science and technology, the continuous rain, the erupting fire pits and darkened film noir palate create the impression that the once beautiful Los Angeles, the ‘City of Angels’ has become a hellish scene out of Milton’s Paradise Lost. The towering buildings dwarf Man symbolising the enslavement of humanity to science and technology. This opening validates the Romantic ideology warning against the uncontrolled developments in science and technology; however unlike Frankenstein in which Nature was preserved, the landscape has been completely destroyed. Science and technology are identified as the causes of the erosion of humanity and Nature, Tyrell becomes a symbol of science and thus the cause of the destruction. Like Victor he is characterised as cold and callous, Scott expresses this through Tyrell’s costuming, his clinical white robe and glasses emphasising his sterility and inhumane nature. This lack of human empathy is furthered through his cold language â€Å"commerce is our goal here† which also symbolises the loss of humanity in the human race as a whole as they are dictated by commerce, not morality. This loss of humanity is also represented in the characterisation of J. F Sebastian as weak and lonely, his symbolic statement â€Å"I make friends† represents the lack of empathy, true friendship and community. Tyrell and Sebastian are damning examples of humanity’s loss of the very things that make them human; Replicants can be more human that human because Man has lost its humanity due to science and technology. The replicant’s emotion and passion contrast the lifeless examples of humanity. The death of Zora positions the audience to accept the replicants as human, the use of slow motion accentuates her desperation and in conjunction with the slowing heartbeat, melancholic music, blood and close ups of her face in agony elicits empathy from the audience as they recognise her as human and her killer, Deckard as inhumane. The highly symbolic intertextual reference to Descartes â€Å"I think therefore I am† represents the replicants ability to think, feel and be passionate as what raises them above machines and ironically above humans, who have lost these basic qualities. This harks back to the contrast between Victor and the Monster, Victor’s arrogance destroyed his basic human qualities where as the Monster exemplified these values.

Existentialism in The Stranger (The Outsider) :: Camus Stranger Essays

Existentialism in The Stranger Existentialism is a philosophy that emphasizes a few main points, such as the freedom to choose and the choices you make should be made without the assistance of another person or standard. From the existentialist point of view you must accept the risk and responsibility of your choices and follow the commitment to wherever it leads. Someone that is put in a particular situation understands it far more than someone looking in on that same situation, one commonly used situation that appears often in existentialist writing is that of death. The existentialist should learn to accept death when the time has to come and should know that the most important questions in life are not accessible to reason or science. Acting on your own experiences is essential in arriving at the truth and "man is condemned to be free. (Sartre)" There were two parts in The Stranger that helped me better understand existentialism the most. One part of the novel that helped me to understand existentialism better was when Meursault shot the Arab on the beach and how he handled the situation afterwards. The Arab had drawn his knife and held it up to Meursault, but this wasn't what bothered him, it was the light from the sun that shot off the Arabs knife, and the intense heat along with the salt from his sweat in his eyes that was bothering him. Meursault shot the Arab mainly because he was uncomfortable and not because he felt threatened, but in any case he made the decision to shoot him. In the next chapter Meursault can't understand why he would need an attorney for his case because it's simple to him, he had murdered a man and was now ready to pay the consequences. He had made a choice that might not have been the right one but he accepted it and was ready to go through with his decision to wherever it would lead. The other part in The Stranger that helped me to understand existentialism better was at the end of the novel when Meursault is sentenced to death. I don't think Meursault was an existentialist but I do think that he faced death the way an existentialist would have.

Lamb to the Slaughter and The Speckled Band Essay -- English Literatur

Both Lamb to the Slaughter and The Speckled Band Share some of the characteristics of murder mysteries. Explain the similarities and differences between the two stories And say which of the two you find more compelling. Arthur Conan Doyle, author of "The Speckled Band," wrote his story in 1892. Roald Dahl, author of "Lamb to the Slaughter," wrote his story in 1954. Straightaway there is a definite difference in the stories; one was written 62 years after the other. This major time gap will obviously affect the way they were written. I will take this into account in this essay. "The Speckled Band" is a typical murder mystery, involving an eccentric doctor and a cunning detective. "Lamb to the Slaughter" is about an impulsive murder of a man by his wife, when he tells her that he is leaving her. "Lamb to the Slaughter" begins with a happy, heart-warming scene of Mary Maloney sat waiting for her husband to return from work. "The room was warm and clean, the curtains drawn, the two table lamps alight." It tells the reader how in love she is, and she seems peaceful and contented as she sews. It appears like domestic bliss. It seems extremely unlikely for that home to be the scene of a murder, as it appears to be so tranquil. As the murder is at the beginning of the story, it leaves the reader in suspense - will the detective catch Mary? Or will she get away with it? It is different to traditional detective stories, because they usually do not reveal whom the murderer is until the very end, which also keeps the reader in suspense but using a different technique. "The Speckled Band" is written in first-person narrative and in the past tense. This gives the reader a more realistic impression of the sto... ...ory anyway. The language in "The Speckled Band" is archaic, compared to the modern, colloquial language used by Dahl. Conan Doyle uses words such as 'defray' and 'fain,' words which are definitely not used today and are not recognised in our vocabulary. The descriptions are long and drawn out, compared to the brief and to the point ones Dahl uses. "Lamb to the Slaughter" is not stereotypical of any particular genre, but is different altogether, in a league of it's own. The theme of the plot is also lighter and in places more jovial than Conan Doyle's, and there are a few instances where we can laugh at Dahl's ironic situations. "Lamb to the Slaughter" is a much more appealing story to me, as it is shorter and easy to understand. Much of the language used by Conan Doyle is too archaic for the younger generation to understand and take an interest in.

Bel Canto Essay

Bel Canto – Essay Love in a pressure cooker is much different then love in â€Å"real† life or in the mundane world. The pressure cooker in Bel Canto would be the situation of being held hostage, held inside by terrorists. Not being able to live the lives that they all once lived. In the mundane world people are busy. They are busy taking children here and there; people have schedules to attend to and places to be. The ability to do what they want is limited. Many parts of the â€Å"real† world are dictated by agendas. People lose the ability to love naturally. They learn to love something or someone because they are around it all the time or it’s what they are told to love. Many of times people forgo doing things they love because they don’t have time or don’t make time to do what they love. When Kato played piano for the first time it was like a hearing all their feelings come alive. Kato didn’t tell anyone that he played piano he just decided to play. Simon and Edith also found there love again, there love for each other. Because death and danger were possible many of the characters wanted to have friendships while in the hostage situation. Many of them faced language barriers but over came them so that they had what they wanted in dire times. The characters also live for the moment. They act in ways that they wouldn’t in any other situation because the unknown thought of death is lingering. When Hosokawa started to realize that he loved Roxanne it was not known if they would ever really be together. Hosokawa was willing to give up his life in Japan to be with Roxanne, because he realized in this situation that he was not doing what he loved and did not love the life he was living. Love in a pressure cooker situation makes people be more spontaneous and do the things they have forgotten about or want to do rather then what they have to do. Love in the real world is different. It’s harder to get to know someone sometime, or be able to be with someone because society says it shouldn’t be allowed. Real world love is harder and more difficult to keep at times. But in the end, Love is still Love and it is something that is felt by all, whether you are in a pressure cooker situation or in the real world. The desire to be loved by someone is always there and the desire to love someone is always there too.

Play format to influence the audiences feelings Essay

Examine how Arthur miller uses the play format to influence the audiences feelings towards Eddie The play ‘A view from the bridge’ was written in 1955 by Arthur Miller; a man who’s play was heavily influenced by the work and lives in the communities of dockworkers and longshoremen. This play examines individuals, characters like Eddie, and their responsibilities and position in society. In addition, Miller also reveals to the audience a meaningful understanding way of how Eddie thinks, acts and behaves to his surroundings. While doing this, he also portrays a different perspective of what family and Italian culture is like, based on his own past experiences with Italian immigrants. It is this, which dramatizes the themes of conflict, betrayal, love and obsession. The American immigration system at the time was at its peak and due to the ‘American dream’ many were illegal. Arthur Miller’s play was influenced by this immigration system in America as he had heard stories and personal experiences involving illegal immigrants. At first he didn’t act upon this idea, but after visiting Italy it inspired him to write a play influenced by the social, historical and cultural background of these Italian communities. At the beginning of the play Alfieri sets the scene by showing his perspective through a monologue. The language he uses is direct, formal and expressive of what the characters mean. By the end of Alfieri’s first speech Miller uses the dialogue to influence the audience into thinking their interpretation of Eddie Carbonne to be one of the main characters and to be identified as the hero of this particular tradgedy. The opening of the play also highlights Eddie to be seen as a decent and respected member of the community as he and his wife Beatrice were responsible for bringing up Catherine, Beatrice’s niece, when her parents died. This established Eddie as a father figure, which could explain why Rodolpho and Marco came to stay with him when they first arrived in America. The respect earned from this conveyed in many ways, such as Catherine fetching and lighting a cigar for him, and a more important way in terms of status, twice interrupting his wife in mid speech, and putting words into her mouth if anyone asks her about the immigrants in their house:’ Eddie suppose somebody†¦ ‘ ‘I don’t care what the question is. You-don’t-no-nothin’. He is drilling this idea into her head slowly so she understands the importance of not telling anyone about the Marco and Rodolpho. Miller uses this repeated interruption, which happens towards the opening of the play, to show how early on tension is evident in Eddie and Beatrice’s marriage therefore showing Eddie to be considerate. The first characters Miller presents to the audience are Catherine and Eddie. At first we see Eddie to be quite an overprotective father who sees the naivety of Catherine and tries to explain to her the fact that she’s, â€Å"Getting to be a big girl, you got to keep yourself more, can’t be so friendly†. Eddie still sees her as a â€Å"baby† as does not seem to be able to handle the fact that she is growing up and wants to be noticed by boys. Catherine’s character is presented to the audience as happy and confident, but maybe a bit forward. Eddie sees the craving of attention when she is â€Å"walking wavy† like she is selling her body to the opposite sex. Eddie does not like the fact that the boys â€Å"heads are turning†. This conversation takes place early in the first act into the story and already there has been a change in relationship whereby the audience question Eddie being jealous of the younger boys. Catherine is naive about Eddie’s reactions and thinks nothing of it. There is a lot jealousy developing in their relationship between Eddie and Catherine. Eddie becomes upset at the fact that maybe Rodolpho has won over the affection of Catherine and Eddie has been unsuccessful. Eddie retaliates through jealousy by telling Catherine that Rodolpho is using her for an American passport when they are alone. The stage directions influence the audience, as Catherine is â€Å"smiling but tense†. It is as if you can feel the friction in the air. We sympathize with Catherine as she only wants to grow up and Eddie is holding her back and still treating her like a child. Eddie is doing this because he is scared of the fact that Rodolpho is taking his â€Å"baby† away. However, later on in the play, another side of Eddie is shown. When Eddie had finished the phone call to the immigration bureau and is own his way home he bumps into Louis and Mike, they ask him to come bowling but Eddie at this time turns down the offer, as he is feeling guilty. When Eddie is back into the house Miller presents to the audience the development in Eddie and Beatrice’s relationship. Eddie expects Beatrice to respect him and do as he says â€Å"a wife is supposed to believe a husband. † This dialogue highlights Eddie’s character as being very demanding and uncompromising. The final paragraph uses poetic language and Alfieri says it in an emotional tone. Alfieri shows some admiration in his ending speech for Eddie, â€Å"I will love him more than all my sensible clients. † Alfieri admires Eddie as his heart was in the right place and he didn’t settle for half. This last speech influences the audience into thinking that throughout the play Eddie had always been loyal and decent to his family. Eddie Carbonne is a prime example of a tragic hero, as he was an honest man who nurtured and raised an orphan and gave a home to illegal immigrants. He had a fatal flaw, which, combined with other negative characteristics such as stubbornness and selfishness, led to his downfall. His death was an indirect result of his own actions, and he would have stayed alive had he not incestuously loved his niece, and tried to stop then getting married. Eddie allowed himself to be open with his personality as he portrayed his whole character in the play, from kindness to cowardness.

Importance of Art in Our Life

It is usual human nature to admire beauty around us, such as we are often awe-struck when we see a painting, or read a beautiful poem, or listen to soothing music! Art is everywhere around us in many forms and holds a significant value in our lives. It is difficult to describe â€Å"Art† in literal terms, but broadly it is understood to be a form to express one’s feelings through any object or medium like paper, music, colours, technology, magic, photography etc. It could be abstract, realistic, naturalistic, conceptual, and inspirational.It is agreeable that we are surrounded by Art and also rely on it in our daily routine. When we enter someone’s home, it is difficult to stop ourselves to appreciate the way the living room is decorated. You would find rhythm and harmony in the way furniture are placed; photographs adorn a wall, paintings hung above the sofa or any particular artefact placed in a corner or centre piece on a coffee table etc. This is also art, on e doesn’t have to be a painter to be an artist, how an individual expresses him/herself, uses imagination and creative energy to embellish and decorate the surrounding.Arts have many forms — visual and performing arts are the ones that could be related easily. Visual arts broadly comprise of paintings, drawing, clay modelling, architecture, photography etc. and performing arts include dance, music, opera, theatre, magic, spoken words, circus art and musical theatre. It is inter-related with Entertainment. When you make people enjoy, laugh, cry, and angry by your performance, that is the art of entertaining. There is a big world of Entertainment and almost all of us find solace watching their work.Music has a great impact on our mood; it makes us joyful and relaxes us and keeps the energy on. Not only music, but also movies, plays and theatre also makes us active. This reveals how much we are hemmed in by Arts and Entertainment. It could be concluded that importance of Arts in our lives is very similar to entertainment. Now-a-days Art and Craft Education are encouraged at schools for children as it provides a platform for the young ones to express and explore their imagination. It could be very inspirational as well.

Chapter questions Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 1

Chapter questions - Essay Example Children who are undernourished are more susceptible to illness that adversely affects their health. Malnutrition also leads to terminal diseases such as â€Å"diabetes, high blood pressure, and high cholesterol† in a child’s later stage of life (Skolnik, 167). Similarly, malnutrition increases women’s risks of pregnancy related deaths besides premature births and births of unhealthy children (Skolnik, 167). The parts of the world that experience the worst nutritional problems are Sub Saharan Africa, Mid and North Africa, and South Asia. This is because the regions report the highest cases of deaths, â€Å"underweight† and â€Å"low birth weights† that are related to nutritional problems (Skolnik, 170, 171). The link between nutrition and economic development is the role of nutrition in empowering people towards economic development. Nutrition facilitates cognitive and physiological potentials that determine people’s abilities towards economic development. Poor nutrition however undermines the ability and identifies poor economic development (Skolnik,

An urban precedent explaining why your choice of city illustrates Essay

An urban precedent explaining why your choice of city illustrates appropriate qualities necessary in a sustainable city - Essay Example The central theme of the Cliff City project is ‘green’ architecture, meaning that it firmly lays emphasis on sustainability and preservation of surrounding ecology. Apart from the usual urban provisions for a library, pub and cafà ©, the project features such innovations as roof-top gardens and has equipment installed for tapping wind and solar energy. Examples such as these not only point the future direction of urban architecture, but also expose the deficiencies of conventional methods of design and construction that was insensitive to the demands of the environment. For example, urban planners throughout the twentieth century paid very little attention to how their constructions will interact with the enveloping environment. The design of Cliff City project near Portland, Dorset breaks away from this tradition, in that it sees architecture as an organic enterprise. It is also informed by the drawbacks of traditional styles of architecture, as it attempt to incorpora te remedial measures toward preservation of organic world. In this respect, the Cliff City stands as a near-perfect model for the perusal of urban planners. Planet Earth is already being damaged by industrial effluents, over-exploitation of water resources, alarming levels of toxic pollutants like carbon monoxide and the phenomenon of Global Warming. In the backdrop of humanity’s appalling record at preserving the natural environment, projects such as the Cliff City, serve as ideal examples of how urban architecture should to be approached in the future. Cliff City’s more relevant today than at any time in the past, as planet earth is confronted with problems of over-population, increased urbanization, genetically modified seeds in agriculture, rising sea levels, etc. A good starting point for mitigating this precarious situation would be the adoption

Animal Accommodation in the UK Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Animal Accommodation in the UK - Assignment Example The significance of the freedoms led to their adaptation by international representation groups. They included the Royal Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals and the World Organization for Animal Health. Apart from animal owners, professional groups such as veterinary are required to adhere to the provisions of the five freedoms.  Ã‚   The five freedoms stated are : †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Freedom from hunger and thirst: Owners of animal are required to ensure their animals are on the proper diet. It includes access to quality and enough food as well as clean drinking water. †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Freedom from discomfort: Owners are required to provide their animal with appropriate shelter, as well as an environment with a proper resting place. †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Freedom from injury, disease or pain:   an owner should ensure their animals are free from diseases as well react quickly with a provision of veterinary care when affected by diseases. †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Freedom to express normal behavior: an animal should be provided with sufficient space, proper facilities and the comfort from animals of the same kind.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Freedom from fear and distress:   an animal should be exposed to conditions and treatment that hinder mental suffering.   Ã‚  

UK constitutional convention Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

UK constitutional convention - Essay Example A constitutional convention is an uncodified or unwritten and an informal procedural agreement, which is followed by institutions in a state. Common wealth states for instance states that they follow the British west minister system of government. A constitutional convention is therefore traditional unwritten laws that form the fundamentals of the written constitution. Most states in the modern world are guided by constitutional conventions instead of the written constitutions1. However, in the states that follow constitutional conventions, they have difference in distribution of powers, which are remarkably different from those that follow formal constitutional documents (The Economist Intelligence Unit, 2006). Unlike the written constitution, which gives the head of state too much power, constitutional conventions in practice are used only to advice the government. The use of constitutional conventions arose when the exercise of a certain type of power that is not prohibited by law began raising opposition that it became impossible on future instances to take part in additional exercise of these powers. An example of such constitutional convention is that the prime minister of UK cannot continue in office lacking the support of the majority of votes in the House of Commons (The Economist Intelligence Unit, 2007). Different states have a system whereby they use constitutional conventions only, while others use a system whereby they operate alongside written constitutions. ... They can only be exercised when the parliament or the national assembly passes a decree or constitutional amendment codifying the convention. The above principle UK is viewed as authoritative and acceptable in many other jurisdictions, including the most of the common wealth countries (The Economist Intelligence Unit, 2005). Constitutional conventions are not always acceptable due to various reasons. One prominent reason is that they keep on changing overtime as compared to written laws that would require concept and a constitutional amendment. For instance in the UK, the British parliament requested a parliament dissolution from the monarch. Since then, the prime minister in the UK can decide to dissolve the government on his own without consulting the queen. It is of prime importance to note that constitutional conventions have played a huge role in promoting democracy2. This is because they promote equality in the decisions that an individual can make over the other. They also all ow citizens to participate equally in direct representation or through representative democracy (The Economist Intelligence Unit, 2004). According to The Economist Intelligence Unit (2003), constitutional conventions have been known to play a major role to promote democracy. UK has the highest number of constitutional conventions unlike other nations since the majority of its laws are not written. The countries constitutional conventions provide key rules and guidelines for the country’s constitution. These conventions add to, or take away from, in at times dramatic was. One of the main conventions in UK includes the convention of individual ministry responsibilities. The unwritten

Homework for Marshall Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Homework for Marshall - Coursework Example The Marshall plan was aimed at appealing to America to generously lend a hand to Europe after the war (Marshall par. 7). The plan aimed at helping all humanity and not just a few as before, as Marshall would put it, the American policy was not against any nation or creed but against hunger, poverty, and chaos. The plan was meant to promote security to all humanity and not just what interested America. It was to see that Europe was rebuilt and the hate and resentment that came up during world war was not revived. The plan also showed what values the Americans had. As opposed to fear and anger that could have risen after the war, the people choose to be generous. The plan exhibited flexibility as it was not aimed towards a particular race, but to all mankind affected by the war (Marshall par. 9). Before the war, American policy was selective in that whatever happened to other countries was their own business. As long as there was no direct threat to America, there would be no involvement. After the war, America realized that lack of peace elsewhere would at one time reach within its territory.This plan helped America realize that there was need to use power and prestige to protect and help its friends at time of need. This plan helped America transform from individualists to

Great Critical Thinkers Essay Example for Free

Great Critical Thinkers Essay Immanuel Kant 1724 – 1804 Kant was the last influential philosopher of the modern Europe. He became famous for his theory of knowledge during the Enlightenment. Kan’ts thought was very influential in Germany during his life, moving philosophy beyond debate between nationalists and empiricists. Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi 1869 1948 Ghandi was the pre-eminent political and spiritual leader of india during the the Indian independence battle with Britain. He pioneered Satyagraha , resistance to tyranny through mass civil disobedience, a philosophy firmly founded upon ahimsa, or total nonviolence! This concept helped India to gain independence, and inspired movements for civil rights and freedom across the world. He is officially honoured in India as the Father of the Nation!. Was cruelly assassinated during his daily meditation. Sigmund Freud 1856 1939 Freud is best known for his theories of the unconscious mind and the defense mechanism of repression,and for creating the clinical practice of psychoanalysis for treating psychopotology.He was early neurological researcher into cerebral function. Freud’s work remains influential in clinical approaches, and in the humanities and social sciences. He is considered one of the most outstanding thinkers of the first half of 20th century, in terms of originality and intellectual influence.Steve wozniak with Steve jobs and Ronald Wayne.Their inventions and machines are credited with contributing significantly to the personal computer revolution of the 1970’s. Edwin Hubble changed the way we see our universe! By demonstrating the existence of galaxies other than our own, the milky way. He is also famous for his Hubble LAW, and helped establish that the universe is expanding.

A Case Study On Nestle Lanka Plc Information Technology Essay

A Case Study On Nestle Lanka Plc Information Technology Essay The main purpose of this report is to conduct a study of cloud computing, its different concepts, the benefits and costs associated with it and how it can fit in to or improve Nestle Lankas existing IT infrastructure. The scope of this report includes an introduction to the company and the industry, its mission, corporate structure, business process, business strategy and relationships with external parties. This is followed by an analysis of the organizations IT infrastructure and the issues and challenges facing the management of IT. Then cloud computing is explained, and the benefits and costs related to it are discussed. After which, the solutions that can be recommended to be adopted are discussed. Relevant conclusions are then made based on these findings. The methods used in gathering information for this report include both primary (interviews) and secondary research (online journals, newspapers, magazines and publications). From the analysis it was revealed that Nestle Lanka has already adopted a part of cloud computing through the storage of its SAP related data at the Globe Data Center in Sydney. However, it also showed that certain non-core applications are carried outside of SAP which requires the data to be stored locally and brings with it other costs as well. Another interesting finding was the fact that Nestle Lanka did not possess any internet related infrastructure as they do not have a local website. The recommendations that were made based on these findings were to adopt Software as a Service model to find out similar applications for the processes which were done out of SAP. If this was not possible, the recommendation was to adopt the Platform as a Service model which would result in Nestle developing the application online and it being hosted by the vendor. The reasoning behind this was to lower that infrastructure costs on servers and maintenance. In addition, a recommendation was made to use the Platform as a Service model to create a local website for the company as it will require no capital investments. Further, this will enable the company to get closer to the consumer and provide greater satisfaction and carry out promotional activities without any cost. Nestlà © came to Sri Lanka over 100 years ago with the introduction of milk and infant foods to the local market. Over the years, the globally renowned multinational has extended its commitment to Sri Lanka at every opportunity, stressing the Nestlà © corporate proposition Good Food, Good Life. Nestlà © Lankas corporate head office is situated in Colombo, whilst manufacturing takes place at a state-of-the-art facility in Kurunegala. The Company employs over 1000 people directly and estimates its indirect employment generation to be in the region of 40,000. Almost 90 per cent of the Nestlà © products retailed in Sri Lanka are processed locally. Through the quality product range of brands such as MILO, NESTOMALT, MAGGI, CERELAC, NAN, LACTOGEN and NESCAFE, the Company has built trust and emotional bonds with consumers of all ages and from all walks of life. Many of the Nestlà © brands have become household names and for the most part are the market leaders. Furthermore, Nestlà © Lanka endeavours to play a role in promoting healthy lifestyles by incorporating a nutrition and wellness dimension into the majority of products. Fulfilling its social and environmental responsibilities to the country, Nestlà © Lanka is an integral part of the national community. The virtues of care and nurturing inherited from the parent company remain at the heart of the way it does business. Of particular pride is the Companys contribution to the sustainability of the dairy industry and the rural economy since its early years. Today, as the largest private sector buyer of fresh milk and coconuts, Nestlà © Lanka spends approximately LKR 1.5 billion each year, impacting the lives of  farmer families island-wide. Nestlà © Lanka went public in 1983 with around 9% of the shareholding now held locally. Currently market capitalisation is about LKR 37 billion (Colombo Stock Exchange, May 2011). Over the past few years the share has been amongst the markets top performers with an exceptional dividend cover. Committed to best practices, Nestlà © Lanka strives to maintain the highest standards of ethical and social conduct throughout the organisation and to create long-term sustainable value for all stakeholders. 1.2 Industry Background Nestle operates in the Food and Beverage industry which is growing at around 12% annually. It competes with both local and other multinational companies in the market. With the government targeting a GNP per capita of $4000 by 2014, demand will rise and competition for market share will be more intense. (Leading Edge, May 2011) 1.3 Mission The Annual Report for 2010 states that Our mission of Good Food, Good Life is to enhance the lives of Sri Lankan consumers with great tasting and nutritious products at affordable prices. 1.4 Corporate Structure Managing Director VP-Commercial VP-Supply Chain VP-Technical Company Secretary/Legal Officer VP- Finance VP Human Resources Head of Nestle Nutrition Head of Nestle Professional AVP National Sales AVP Food (Marketing) AVP Beverages (Marketing) AVP Dairy (Marketing) Production Manager 1 Production Manager 2 New Product Development Manager Recruitment Manager Training Manager Payroll ManagerThe above diagram depicts the organization hierarchy. 1.5 Business Process The main functions in the organization are Marketing, Supply Chain, Production and Sales. They are supported by the Finance, Human Resources, Information Systems and Legal functions. The marketing department works closely with supply chain (planning) to identify the correct demand which is then planned to be produced and the raw materials and packing materials purchased based on the requirements. As per the agreed plans, production produces the required stocks to meet the demand forecasted and that is distributed by the customer service and distribution function. The sales function ensures that the products are received where required and provides the required trade promotions to ensure that the product is selling. Marketing conducts its own brand promotions to create awareness of the products and ensure the effort made by the sales team is supported. Further, the New Product Development function performs a vital of introducing new products or developing existing products in coordination with Marketing and Supply Chain. 1.6 Business Strategy Nestle Lankais dedicated to guarantee consumer satisfaction by marketing the highest quality food products that meet the diverse and changing need of consumers, utilizing Nestlà ©s acknowledged worldwide technology experience. To our shareholders, we ensure a fair return on their investment. 1.7 Relationship with external parties Nestle has strong relationships with external parties such as the Sri Lanka Customs, Inland Revenue, Port Authority, freight forwarding companies, logistic companies, national authorities (for issuing licenses for imported products) and other service providers such as for telecommunication. The corporate (group) website is www.nestle.com. 2.0 IT infrastructure: issues and challenges 2.1 Organizations IT infrastructure Figure 5-10 The IT Infrastructure Ecosystem (Laudon and Laudon, 2010) is used to discuss the infrastructure as follows. Computer Hardware Platforms all machines provided by Hewlett Packard (HP). Operating System Platforms all machines use Microsoft Windows platform. Enterprise System Applications SAP for all core activities in Marketing, Supply Chain, Finance, Sales and Production and non-core activities are mentioned below (section 2.2) in detail. Networking/ Telecommunications networking hardware provided by IBM and Cisco, internet access is provided through British Telecom (BT) and telephone services are provided by four local operators (Dialog Axiata, Mobitel, Suntel and LankaBell). Consultants and System Integrators this is carried out in-house from our data center located in Sydney, Australia. Data Management and Storage all SAP related data are stored in IBM servers at our data center in Sydney; whilst the non-SAP system data are stored locally in SQL severs. Internet Platforms there exists no internet related infrastructure at Nestle Lanka as there is no localized website. 2.2 Issues and Challenges faced in the management of IT infrastructure With reference to the interview with the IT manager (refer appendix 7.1) the following provides a discussion of the issues and challenges facing the management of IT infrastructure. Due to Nestle being a large multinational, standardization of IT infrastructure is a requirement across all markets (countries). It is no different in Sri Lanka, where the infrastructure is much advanced than you would find in any other local company. This policy brings about many advantages and limitations. First, since all markets have to have the same infrastructure irrespective of its size, it will be more modern and up-to-date with the latest technology in place. This will mean enhance security measures for the company, which is vital to remain competitive in this fast-paced food and beverage industry. However, the advanced infrastructure does not come cheap as contracts are negotiated globally in dollar terms but when converted to rupees it is much higher whereas the infrastructure available in the market is although not of the same standard, will meet our local requirements and be less expensive. Hence, managing costs increases in line with this standardization policy is a challenge for the company. Training or user education is another problem the IT function faces when maintaining and upgrading this current infrastructure. Although, system and security updates take place through the data center in Sydney, the users dont comply with the changes until the last moment or wait until a problem arises to find out about the change. Further, the company has adopted applications outside of SAP for certain functions. They are for payroll, milk procurement, and gathering secondary sales data (from distributor point to end-customer). The data from these systems are stored locally in Lankaand along with server cost the company incurs yearly maintenance expenditure and licensing fees. 3.0 Cloud Computing: its business benefits and costs 3.1 Benefits of cloud computing As Mell and Grance (2011) defines, cloud computing is a model for enabling ubiquitous, convenient, on-demand network access to a shared pool of configurable computing resources (e.g., networks, servers, storage, applications, and services) that can be rapidly provisioned and released with minimal management effort or service provider interaction. There are three main service models in relation to cloud computing as mentioned by Mell and Grance (2011). They are: Cloud Software as a Service (SaaS) Cloud Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS) Cloud Platform as a Service (PaaS) The first model is one that distributes applications hosted by a service provider over a network such as the Internet. Cloud computing based concepts such as SaaS remove the need for organizations to individually maintain a large amount of local servers, instead they would all be utilizing a shared resource. Further, Hayes (2008) shows that SaaS allows users to access the application regardless of time and location, giving them greater flexibility in carrying out their tasks. Saaksjarvi et. al. (2005) also shows that another one of the key benefits of SaaS is that version management is more convenient to the customer, since the vendor would be implementing upgrades on a regular basis. Other benefits cited by Saaksjarvi et. al. (2005) includes the notion that it enables the customer to get access to so called best-of-breed applications that might otherwise have been too costly for them to purchase. The next model (IaaS) is where a service provider outsources the equipment used to support operations, including storage, hardware, servers and networking components. The service provider owns the equipment and is responsible for housing, running and maintaining it. The client typically pays on a per-use basis (SearchCloudComputing.com, May 2011). The final service model is one where hardware, storage and network capacity can be rented over the Internet. The model permits the client to rent virtualized servers and associated services for running existing applications or developing and testing new ones (SearchCloudComputing.com, May 2011). 3.2 Risks of cloud computing Despite such an array of benefits, and as with any other such model, SaaS also comes along with a range of risks to both the client and the vendor. On the clients side, one of the primary concerns is on privacy and security. Hayes (2008) outlines how allowing a third party control over your files could potentially create a chaotic legal issue, especially in regard to what rights the vendor will have to the data on an occasion where the organization violates the contract. Hayes (2008) discusses a scenario in which a government agency serves a subpoena or a search warrant to the vendor. Had the organization had control of its data, it may have contested the order in court. But it is doubtful whether the vendor would go to court on the organizations behalf, and instead they might simply hand over the data over to the authorities. As such, according to this scenario, a company could have its data released to other parties without even being informed of it. Whether or not such a scenario is likely to materialize, its possibility should not be ignored and it would be advisable for IT managers to delve into such grey areas with the vendor prior to reaching an agreement. Another key concern mentioned by Saaksjarvi et. al. (2005) is that SaaS offers little in the way of customizing the software to suit the organizations specific needs. Customization of the software to suit the intricate business processes of the organization is essential if it hopes to achieve a competitive advantage. However, Jacobs (2005) points out that providing a relevant level of customization, although difficult, is certainly not impossible and in addition it would be advantageous to the vendor to go this extra mile since they can lock-in clients. Hoch et. al. (2001) voices the adverse effect from the limitations in the organizations internal networks. Bandwidth of the network will have to be increased to accommodate the constant connectivity demanded by the SaaS model. Any issue with the network can adversely affect the performance of the applications, and hinder dependent organizational tasks. Such a major concern should be meticulously examined and addressed by the organization so that they can ensure the availability of required infrastructure before adopting the SaaS model. Apart from the technical difficulties of SaaS, there could be adverse organizational effects as well in the form of employee resistance as they are very familiar with what they have now and to re-train them, will require tactful change management. 3.3 Costs involved in cloud computing When implementing cloud computing there will be limited capital expenditure on IT infrastructure. Servers required to store and run the applications will be provided by the vendor. However, the customer should have the adequate network and software (such as web browsers) capabilities to meet the applications requirement. The customer can save on the existing server, maintenance and licensing costs. The customer will be charged on a subscription basis based on the number hours/days/months used depending on the service level agreement signed by both parties. 4.0 Recommendation Due to the existence of our Globe Data Center located in Sydney, the option of adopting the Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS) model is not practical as we possess our own private cloud. However, what can be recommended is to adopt cloud computing for the non-core applications that was identified in section 2.1 of this report. The reason that we cannot adopt SaaS for the existing ERP systems which covers our core processes is that Nestle requires that all regions have the same system, process and basically talk the same language. The non-SAP applications that have been developed as they cannot be customized in SAP to meet local requirements, for example the payroll system has to take into account the unique local employment law requirements. The milk procurement system had to be designed in a way to facilitate information gathering from all Nestle milk chilling centers across the island and as a result could not be done by SAP. Gathering secondary sales data also involves having SAP at all the distributor locations which would have been too costly. For the above mentioned applications it is possible to search for online versions that support cloud computing such as through SalesForce.com or NETSUITE. If no such applications exist then, we can look at developing a similar application using the Platform as a Service (PaaS) model using platforms such as Microsoft Azure and Googles App Engine. The obvious benefit here would be saving hardware costs as well as maintenance costs in the long run but Nestle will have to spend on the development costs in the short-term. From the IT infrastructure model analyzed in section 2.1 it is evident that Nestle Lankadoes not possess any internet related infrastructure as there is no local website. Having its own website, will allow Nestle to get much closer to its customers and be in its self a promotional medium. Conventionally having an internet related platform would mean cost incurred on servers as well as software licensing fees. But, through the use of PaaS service model, Nestle Lankacan build its own website without incurring any capital expenditure and meet is vision of guaranteeing consumer satisfaction. For example, Kia Motors in North America launched its own website using the Microsoft Azure platform (Microsoft.com, May 2011). 5.0 Conclusion The findings of this report reveal that there are non-core applications that are being used along with SAP. These applications cost the company in terms of server, maintenance and license fees. This can be reduced or avoided in the long-term if the company adopts cloud computing in the form of either software as a service or platform as a service. Further, it was found that the company doesnt have any internet related infrastructure as it does not have a website. A less costly and capital intensive way of creating such a website would be to adopt the platform as a service model. The creation of a website will enable the company to get closer to its consumers and better engage them. It could also be a free source of promotion for the companys many brands.